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DOI： 10.1097/01.hjh.0000500527.66210.66

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE  

Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy-induced hypertension with proteinuria that typically develops after 20 weeks of gestation. A reduction in uterine blood flow causes placental ischemia and placental release of anti-angiogenic factors such as sFlt-1 followed by PE. Although the reduced uterine perfusion pressure (RUPP) model is widely used in rats, investigating the role of genes on PE using genetically engineered animals has been problematic because it has been difficult to make a useful RUPP model in mice. To establish a RUPP model of PE in mice, we bilaterally ligated ovarian vessels distal to ovarian branches, uterine vessels, or both in ICR-strain mice at 14.5 days post coitum (dpc). Consequently, these mice had elevated BP, increased urinary albumin excretion, severe endotheliosis, and mesangial expansion. They also had an increased incidence of miscarriage and premature delivery. Embryonic weight at 18.5 dpc was significantly lower than that in sham mice. The closer to the ligation site the embryos were, the higher the resorption rate and the lower the embryonic weight. The phenotype was more severe in the order of ligation at the ovarian vessels < uterine vessels < both. Unlike the RUPP models described in the literature, this model did not constrict the abdominal aorta, which allowed BP to be measured with a tail cuff. This novel RUPP model in mice should be useful for investigating the pathogenesis of PE in genetically engineered mice and for evaluating new therapies for PE.

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0155426

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

Fetal Electrocardiography (FECG) offers unique capabilities for assessment of beat-to-beat fetal heart rate (FHR) and fetal heart rate variability (FHRV), which are indirect markers of autonomic nervous system, its development. In this study the fetal ECG signals, FHR and FHRV are successfully recorded to assess the neurodevelopment in fetal mice in the second and third trimester from days 12.5 to 18.5 by using direct insertion of fetal ECG electrodes in the uterine. FHR increases from day 12.5 till 15.5 reaching a plateau and then shows a sudden increase on the day 18.5. Development of fetal increasing heart rate variability (FHRV) is clearly evident from the results. Short term FHRV (RMSSD) corresponding to parasympathetic nervous system activity and long term FHRV (SDNN) corresponding to sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system activities increases till day 16.5 and then decreases from day 17.5. The increases in large fluctuations were noticed on days 17.5 and 18.5, which were thought to have caused by uterine contractions before delivery. The ability to assess FHR and FHRV in fetal mice makes a valuable tool for neurodevelopment research in perinatal medicine.

DOI： 10.1109/EMBC.2016.7591349

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE  

During pregnancy, both ischemic reperfusion and bacterial agent LPS are known risk factors for fetal brain damage. However, there is a lack of evidence to explain whether vaginal LPS affects the fetus response to ischemic reperfusion. Here we reported that there was more than 2 folds higher vulnerability of fetal brain hemorrhage response to ischemic reperfusion when mother mouse was treated with vaginal LPS. As our previously reported, ischemic reperfusion induces P53-dependent fetal brain damage was based on a molecular mechanism: the transcriptional pattern was changed from HIF-1alpha-dependent to P53-dependent immediately. In the present work, only with vaginal LPS precondition, phosphorylation of activated transcriptional factor (ATF) 2 at Thr71 appeared in response to ischemic reperfusion. Moreover, this phosphorylation was completely blocked by pre-treatment with a P53 inhibitor, pifithrin-alpha. We concluded that vaginal LPS precondition trigged the p53-dependent phosphorylation of ATF2 in response to ischemic reperfusion, which played an important role of increasing vulnerability to hemorrhage in fetus. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.

DOI： 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.10.125

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DOI： 10.1111/jdi.12314

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DOI： 10.1007/s10157-014-1018-6

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE  

Ischemic reperfusion (IR) during the perinatal period is a known causative factor of fetal brain damage. So far, both morphologic and histologic evidence has shown that fetal brain damage can be observed only several hours to days after an IR insult has occurred. Therefore, to prevent fetal brain damage under these circumstances, a more detailed understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms involved during an acute response to IR is necessary. In the present work, pregnant mice were exposed to IR on day 18 of gestation by clipping one side of the maternal uterine horn. Simultaneous fetal electrocardiography was performed during the procedure to verify that conditions resulting in fetal brain damage were met. Fetal brain sampling within 30 minutes after IR insult revealed molecular evidence that a fetal response was indeed triggered in the form of inhibition of the Akt-mTOR-S6 synthesis pathway. Interestingly, significant changes in mRNA levels for both HIF-1 alpha and p53 were apparent and gene regulation patterns were observed to switch from a HIF-1 alpha-dependent to a p53-dependent process. Moreover, pre-treatment with pifithrin-alpha, a p53 inhibitor, inhibited protein synthesis almost completely, revealing the possibility of preventing fetal brain damage by prophylactic pifithrin-a treatment.

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0110577

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC  

In this paper, a new noninvasive method is proposed for automated estimation of fetal cardiac intervals from Doppler Ultrasound (DUS) signal. This method is based on a novel combination of empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and hybrid support vector machines-hidden Markov models (SVM/HMM). EMD was used for feature extraction by decomposing the DUS signal into different components (IMFs), one of which is linked to the cardiac valve motions, i.e. opening (o) and closing (c) of the Aortic (A) and Mitral (M) valves. The noninvasive fetal electrocardiogram (fECG) was used as a reference for the segmentation of the IMF into cardiac cycles. The hybrid SVM/HMM was then applied to identify the cardiac events, based on the amplitude and timing of the IMF peaks as well as the sequence of the events. The estimated timings were verified using pulsed doppler images. Results show that this automated method can continuously evaluate beat-to-beat valve motion timings and identify more than 91% of total events which is higher than previous methods. Moreover, the changes of the cardiac intervals were analyzed for three fetal age groups: 16-29, 30-35, and 36-41 weeks. The time intervals from Q-wave of fECG to Ac (Systolic Time Interval, STI), Ac to Mo (Isovolumic Relaxation Time, IRT), Q-wave to Ao (Preejection Period, PEP) and Ao to Ac (Ventricular Ejection Time, VET) were found to change significantly (p < 0.05) across these age groups. In particular, STI, IRT, and PEP of the fetuses with 36-41 week were significantly (p < 0.05) different from other age groups. These findings can be used as sensitive markers for evaluating the fetal cardiac performance.

DOI： 10.1109/JBHI.2013.2286155

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Hindawi Limited  

<italic>Introduction</italic>. Prenatal programming secondary to maternal protein restriction renders an inherent susceptibility to neural compromise in neonates and any addition of glucocorticosteroids results in further damage. This is an investigation of consequent global gene activity due to effects of antenatal steroid therapy on a protein restriction mouse model. <italic>Methods</italic>. C57BL/6N pregnant mice were administered control or protein restricted diets and subjected to either 100 <italic>μ</italic>g/Kg of dexamethasone sodium phosphate with normosaline or normosaline alone during late gestation (E10–E17). Nontreatment groups were also included. Brain samples were collected on embryonic day 17 and analyzed by mRNA microarray analysis. <italic>Results</italic>. Microarray analyses presented 332 significantly regulated genes. Overall, neurodevelopmental genes were overrepresented and a subset of 8 genes allowed treatment segregation through the hierarchical clustering method. The addition of stress or steroids greatly affected gene regulation through glucocorticoid receptor and stress signaling pathways. Furthermore, differences between dexamethasone-administered treatments implied a harmful effect during conditions of high stress. Microarray analysis was validated using qPCR. <italic>Conclusion</italic>. The effects of antenatal steroid therapy vary in fetuses according to maternal-fetal factors and environmental stimuli. Defining the key regulatory networks that signal either beneficial or damaging corticosteroid action would result in valuable adjustments to current treatment protocols.

DOI： 10.1155/2014/193816

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Other Link： http://downloads.hindawi.com/archive/2014/193816.xml

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DOI： 10.1620/tjem.231.63

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

In this paper a new noninvasive method is proposed for automated estimation of fetal cardiac intervals from Doppler Ultrasound (DUS) signal and fetal electrocardiogram (fECG) as a reference. The proposed method is based on a combination of Wavelet analysis and hybrid Support Vector Machines- Hidden Markov Models (SVM/HMM). This method provides automated beat by beat identification of cardiac valves' opening and closing which are used to estimate the fetal cardiac intervals. The range of these intervals in different gestational age from 16 to 41 weeks was evaluated in this study. The correlation between beat to beat intervals was also investigated. Results show a significant negative correlation between Pre-Ejection Period (PEP) and Ventricular Ejection Time (VET) (r = -0.61, p &lt
0.0001), a positive correlation between VET and Systolic Time Interval (STI) (r =0.51, p &lt
0.0001) and a significant correlation between PEP and Isovolumic Contraction Time (ICT) (r =0.67, p &lt
0.0001). © 2013 CCAL.

Scopus

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

In this paper a new noninvasive method is proposed for automated estimation of fetal cardiac intervals from Doppler Ultrasound (DUS) signal and fetal electrocardiogram (fECG) as a reference. The proposed method is based on a combination of Wavelet analysis and hybrid Support Vector Machines- Hidden Markov Models (SVM/HMM). This method provides automated beat by beat identification of cardiac valves' opening and closing which are used to estimate the fetal cardiac intervals. The range of these intervals in different gestational age from 16 to 41 weeks was evaluated in this study. The correlation between beat to beat intervals was also investigated. Results show a significant negative correlation between Pre-Ejection Period (PEP) and Ventricular Ejection Time (VET) (r = -0.61, p &lt; 0.0001), a positive correlation between VET and Systolic Time Interval (STI) (r = 0.51, p &lt; 0.0001) and a significant correlation between PEP and Isovolumic Contraction Time (ICT) (r = 0.67, p &lt; 0.0001).

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：TOHOKU UNIV MEDICAL PRESS  

Maternal undernutrition during pregnancy is a risk factor for cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases in adulthood. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF1 alpha) plays an essential role in cellular hypoxic responses, and its increased expression is associated with cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases. However, it is not known whether maternal undernutrition influences HIF1 alpha expression in the fetal brain. We therefore analyzed the expression levels of HIFI a and its downstream genes in the fetal brain (day 17.5 of gestation, 1-2 days before birth). Maternal undernutrition did not noticeably affect the fetal body and brain weights. Both HIF1 alpha mRNA and protein levels were increased in the brain under maternal undernutrition, despite the absence of hypoxia, as judged by the staining profile with hypoxyprobe-1 that identifies hypoxic cells. Importantly, maternal undernutrition caused the accumulation of HIF1 alpha protein in oligodendrocyte precursor cells at the subventricular zone, a site of neurogenesis in the fetal brain. Maternal undernutrition also increased the mRNA level of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), which could increase the level of HIF1 alpha protein under normoxia. Furthermore, microarray analysis revealed that expression levels of mRNAs for 10 HIF1 alpha downstream targets, including enolase 1 and hexokinase 1, were increased in the fetal brain under maternal undernutrition. Thus, the biochemical consequence of maternal undernutrition is similar to that of mild hypoxia. In conclusion, maternal undernutrition induces the expression of HIF1 alpha in oligodendrocyte precursor cells at the subventricular zone, and it also induces the expression of hypoxia-related genes in the fetal brain probably via activation of the mTOR pathway.

DOI： 10.1620/tjem.226.37

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Since the first observations of Cremer in 1906, fetal electrocardiogram (ECG) measurements via the maternal abdominal wall have remained a formidable challenge for clinical technicians and engineers in the cutting-edge field of information theory. Previous obstacles in extracting fetal ECG still complicate their acquisition at the present. These include three main difficulties for non-invasive measurement of fetal ECG: first, the low signal to noise ratio
second, the lack of a standard lead system for fetal ECG on the maternal abdomen
and third, the factor of fetal movement or non-stationarity during recording. A new extraction system based on blind source separation with reference signals (BSSR) was utilized and our detection rates, both off-line (91%) and on-line (60%), in pregnancies of 20 to 41 weeks of gestation have shown a marked improvement from earlier attempts. With this development, we discuss the potentials and limitations of this new system. © Kimura et al.

DOI： 10.2174/1875181401204010007

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1136/bmjopen-2012-000830

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DOI： 10.1507/endocrj.EJ12-0074

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：TOHOKU UNIV MEDICAL PRESS  

Accurate assessment of fetal well-being is one of the most important tasks for obstetricians. It is still difficult to measure fetal electrocardiogram (ECG) during fetal movements. Recently, a new method, blind source separation with reference signals, was proposed for stable measurements. This method distinguishes weak signals from noisy mixed signals with little information about the sources. The aim of this study is to estimate the ability of this method for fetal ECG monitoring and to establish standard fetal ECG electrocardiogram values of normal singletons including during fetal movement. The subjects enrolled were 167 pregnant women with normal single pregnancy from 18- to 41-week gestation, who regularly visited Tohoku University Hospital, and 12 pregnant women with fetal abnormality. Fetal signals were successfully separated in 163 of 179 subjects at 91.1% success rate regardless of fetal movements. Time intervals of ECG (P, PR and QRS intervals and QTc) were measured. The standard curves of each interval through the gestational period were obtained. The data in active phase were compared to that in rest phase and the data obtained from normal and abnormal fetuses were investigated. PR intervals in the rest phase were prolonged compared to those in the active phase. Fetal ECG showed anomalous values such as PR interval or QTc prolongation in the abnormal fetuses. The fetal ECG was measured by the new method with or without fetal movements, and the standard fetal ECG values have been established. This study provides a foundation for further detailed clinical studies.

DOI： 10.1620/tjem.225.89

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：TOHOKU UNIV MEDICAL PRESS  

Accurate assessment of fetal well-being is one of the most important tasks for obstetricians. It is still difficult to measure fetal electrocardiogram (ECG) during fetal movements. Recently, a new method, blind source separation with reference signals, was proposed for stable measurements. This method distinguishes weak signals from noisy mixed signals with little information about the sources. The aim of this study is to estimate the ability of this method for fetal ECG monitoring and to establish standard fetal ECG electrocardiogram values of normal singletons including during fetal movement. The subjects enrolled were 167 pregnant women with normal single pregnancy from 18- to 41-week gestation, who regularly visited Tohoku University Hospital, and 12 pregnant women with fetal abnormality. Fetal signals were successfully separated in 163 of 179 subjects at 91.1% success rate regardless of fetal movements. Time intervals of ECG (P, PR and QRS intervals and QTc) were measured. The standard curves of each interval through the gestational period were obtained. The data in active phase were compared to that in rest phase and the data obtained from normal and abnormal fetuses were investigated. PR intervals in the rest phase were prolonged compared to those in the active phase. Fetal ECG showed anomalous values such as PR interval or QTc prolongation in the abnormal fetuses. The fetal ECG was measured by the new method with or without fetal movements, and the standard fetal ECG values have been established. This study provides a foundation for further detailed clinical studies.

DOI： 10.1620/tjem.225.89

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Language：English   Publisher：CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS  

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Language：English   Publisher：CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：TOHOKU UNIV MEDICAL PRESS  

Maternal undernutrition during pregnancy is a risk factor that impairs fetal growth and causes cardiovascular diseases. However, the underlying mechanism is still unknown. In this study, we evaluated the effect of maternal undernutrition on the expression levels of transcription factors in the fetal heart. Female mice were given low protein or regular food from 2 weeks before mating and during their pregnancy. The fetal hearts were collected on day 17.5 of gestation, about 1-2 days before birth. Maternal undernutrition resulted in a significant increase in the relative heart weight (heart weight/body weight) in female fetuses, but not in male fetuses. Microarray analysis revealed that expression levels of mRNAs for 133 transcription factors were changed in the fetal heart under maternal undernutrition. Among them, we focused on hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF1 alpha) that is involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases on adulthood. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that the expression level of HIF1 alpha mRNA was increased about 1.3-fold in male fetal heart under maternal undernutrition, but remained unchanged in female heart. Moreover, maternal undernutrition increased the mRNA level of prolyl hydroxylase 1 (PHD1), which contributes to degradation of HIF1 alpha, in male heart but not in female heart. Immunohistochemical analysis showed the accumulation of HIF1 alpha protein in the fetal heart of both sexes under maternal undernutrition, without the induction of HIF1 alpha mRNA expression in female heart. These results suggest that maternal undernutrition may induce HIF1 alpha expression in the fetal heart through the distinct mechanisms depending on the sex.

DOI： 10.1620/tjem.224.163

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：TOHOKU UNIV MEDICAL PRESS  

Maternal undernutrition during pregnancy is a risk factor that impairs fetal growth and causes cardiovascular diseases. However, the underlying mechanism is still unknown. In this study, we evaluated the effect of maternal undernutrition on the expression levels of transcription factors in the fetal heart. Female mice were given low protein or regular food from 2 weeks before mating and during their pregnancy. The fetal hearts were collected on day 17.5 of gestation, about 1-2 days before birth. Maternal undernutrition resulted in a significant increase in the relative heart weight (heart weight/body weight) in female fetuses, but not in male fetuses. Microarray analysis revealed that expression levels of mRNAs for 133 transcription factors were changed in the fetal heart under maternal undernutrition. Among them, we focused on hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF1 alpha) that is involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases on adulthood. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that the expression level of HIF1 alpha mRNA was increased about 1.3-fold in male fetal heart under maternal undernutrition, but remained unchanged in female heart. Moreover, maternal undernutrition increased the mRNA level of prolyl hydroxylase 1 (PHD1), which contributes to degradation of HIF1 alpha, in male heart but not in female heart. Immunohistochemical analysis showed the accumulation of HIF1 alpha protein in the fetal heart of both sexes under maternal undernutrition, without the induction of HIF1 alpha mRNA expression in female heart. These results suggest that maternal undernutrition may induce HIF1 alpha expression in the fetal heart through the distinct mechanisms depending on the sex.

DOI： 10.1620/tjem.224.163

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：WILEY-BLACKWELL  

Aims:
Congenital heart defects are the most common fetal structural anomalies of which a significant number remain unrecognized during postnatal life. Fetal electrocardiography (FECG) is an ideal clinical tool to complement ultrasonography for the screening and management of these cases where early and accurate diagnoses would allow definite rather than palliative treatment. The objective of this report was to correlate the particular FECG results found with the different types of congenital heart defects involved and to further demonstrate the usefulness of FECG in clinical settings.
Material & Methods:
This is a report of four cases of prenatally diagnosed congenital heart defects seen at a university hospital in Sendai, Japan. Their complete and thorough evaluation included, among other tests, abdominal FECG analysis.
Results:
The presence of premature ventricular contractions, a prolonged pre-ejection period (PEP &gt; 75 msec), and prolonged QTc intervals (QTc &gt; 440 msec) served as markers of hemodynamic alteration but were unlikely determinants of disease severity precluding further investigation.
Conclusions:
In practice, similar findings found on FECG should raise the index of suspicion for the presence of congenital heart disease and prompt a targeted ultrasound scan.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1447-0756.2010.01367.x

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：WILEY-BLACKWELL  

Aims:
Congenital heart defects are the most common fetal structural anomalies of which a significant number remain unrecognized during postnatal life. Fetal electrocardiography (FECG) is an ideal clinical tool to complement ultrasonography for the screening and management of these cases where early and accurate diagnoses would allow definite rather than palliative treatment. The objective of this report was to correlate the particular FECG results found with the different types of congenital heart defects involved and to further demonstrate the usefulness of FECG in clinical settings.
Material & Methods:
This is a report of four cases of prenatally diagnosed congenital heart defects seen at a university hospital in Sendai, Japan. Their complete and thorough evaluation included, among other tests, abdominal FECG analysis.
Results:
The presence of premature ventricular contractions, a prolonged pre-ejection period (PEP &gt; 75 msec), and prolonged QTc intervals (QTc &gt; 440 msec) served as markers of hemodynamic alteration but were unlikely determinants of disease severity precluding further investigation.
Conclusions:
In practice, similar findings found on FECG should raise the index of suspicion for the presence of congenital heart disease and prompt a targeted ultrasound scan.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1447-0756.2010.01367.x

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：TOHOKU UNIV MEDICAL PRESS  

Maternal undernutrition and infection during pregnancy may impair development of oligodendrocytes, thereby increasing risks of neuropsychiatric disorders of their children. We analyzed the effects of those risk factors on oligodendrogenesis in fetal and neonatal brains. Female mice were given low-protein or regular food for 2 weeks before their pregnancy. On the 14th day of pregnancy, they received a transvaginal injection of lipopolysaccharide to induce inflammation or control solution, consisting of four groups, depending on nutritional conditions with or without vaginal inflammation. We collected fetal brains on embryonic day (E) 17 for evaluating oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) and neonatal brains on postnatal day (P) 7 for evaluating mature oligodendrocytes. OPCs and mature oligodendrocytes were identified as positive immunostaining for oligodendrocyte-lineage transcription factor 2 and myelin basic protein, respectively. There was no difference in the number of OPCs in E17 brains among the four groups, suggesting that nutritional restriction with or without inflammation exerts no noticeable influence on the differentiation of OPCs. However, the number of mature oligodendrocytes was decreased in P7 brains obtained from nutrient-restricted mice with inflammation, suggesting that their combination impairs oligodendrogenesis in the neonatal brain. We also analyzed reactive astrocytes that express both glial fibrillary acidic protein and nestin for evaluating brain inflammation. The population of reactive astrocytes was increased in P7 brains derived from mice with LPS injection, irrespective of nutritional restriction, indicating that maternal vaginal inflammation induces neonatal brain inflammation. The maternal management of both nutrition and infection is crucial to prevent neuropsychiatric disorders of the children.

DOI： 10.1620/tjem.223.215

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：KARGER  

Background/Objective: To investigate the neurodevelopmental response in postnatal mice secondary to antenatal steroid treatment in association with maternal protein restriction. Methods: C57BL/6N pregnant mice (n = 24; 4 per treatment group) were administered control (C) or protein-restricted (PR) diets and subjected to daily subcutaneous injection stress during late gestation (E10-E17) with either 100 mu l/kg of dexamethasone sodium phosphate in normosaline (C-D/S, PR-D/S) or normosaline alone (C-S, PR-S). Non-treatment groups were also included (C, PR). Brain samples of pups were collected on postnatal day 7 and analyzed by immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR. Results: Neonatal weights in the treatment groups were smaller than their counterparts in the C group, but there were no significant differences in brain size. Immunohistochemical evaluation of neuroglial cells revealed a pronounced effect of protein restriction on oligodendrocytes and oligodendrocyte precursor cells with distinct fetal responses to stress and dexamethasone. Further evaluation using quantitative RNA analysis showed significant activation of Galr1, Galr2, Igfbp-1, Igfbp-3, Igfbp-6, and Fgf2 by 1- to 2.5-fold in the PR-D/S group and by much higher increments, 1- to 10.5-fold, in the PR-S group. Conclusion: This preliminary investigation revealed the possible role of dexamethasone in further increasing vulnerability to cell damage in injury-prone neuroglial cells. The distribution of key glial markers and the overexpression of several neurotrophic factors depicted ongoing cellular adaptation. Copyright (C) 2010 S. Karger AG, Basel

DOI： 10.1159/000316102

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SPRINGER HEIDELBERG  

In this study, we propose a non-invasive algorithm to recognize the timings of fetal cardiac events on the basis of analysis of fetal ECG (FECG) and Doppler ultrasound signals. Multiresolution wavelet analysis enabled the frequency contents of the Doppler signals to be linked to the opening (o) and closing (c) of the heart&apos;s valves (Aortic (A) and Mitral (M)). M-mode, B-mode and pulsed Doppler ultrasound were used to verify the timings of opening and closure of these valves. In normal fetuses, the time intervals from Q-wave of QRS complex of FECG to opening and closing of aortic valve, i.e., Q-Ao and Q-Ac were found to be 79.3 +/- A 17.4 and 224.7 +/- A 13.3 ms, respectively. For the mitral valve, Q-Mc and Q-Mo were found to be 27.7 +/- A 9.4 and 294.6 +/- A 21.3 ms, respectively. Correlations among the timings in opening and closing of cardiac valves were found to be higher in abnormal fetuses than that in normal ones.

DOI： 10.1007/s11517-009-0528-y

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SPRINGER HEIDELBERG  

In this study, we propose a non-invasive algorithm to recognize the timings of fetal cardiac events on the basis of analysis of fetal ECG (FECG) and Doppler ultrasound signals. Multiresolution wavelet analysis enabled the frequency contents of the Doppler signals to be linked to the opening (o) and closing (c) of the heart&apos;s valves (Aortic (A) and Mitral (M)). M-mode, B-mode and pulsed Doppler ultrasound were used to verify the timings of opening and closure of these valves. In normal fetuses, the time intervals from Q-wave of QRS complex of FECG to opening and closing of aortic valve, i.e., Q-Ao and Q-Ac were found to be 79.3 +/- A 17.4 and 224.7 +/- A 13.3 ms, respectively. For the mitral valve, Q-Mc and Q-Mo were found to be 27.7 +/- A 9.4 and 294.6 +/- A 21.3 ms, respectively. Correlations among the timings in opening and closing of cardiac valves were found to be higher in abnormal fetuses than that in normal ones.

DOI： 10.1007/s11517-009-0528-y

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

In this study, we propose a non-invasive system to recognize the timings of fetal cardiac events on the basis of analysis of fetal ECG and Doppler ultrasound signal together. Fetal ECG was extracted from transabdominal ECG (10 normal subjects, 38-41 weeks of gestation) using blind source separation with the reference signal. Multiresolution wavelet analysis enabled the frequency contents of the Doppler signals to be linked to the opening(o) and closing(c) of the heart's valves (Aortic (A) and mitral(M)). M-mode, B-mode and pulsed Doppler ultrasound were used to examine and verify the timings of opening and closure of aortic as well as mitral valves. The time intervals from Q-wave of QRS complex of fetal ECG to opening and closing of aortic valve, i.e. Q-Ao and Q-Ac were found to be 75.0 +/- 11.9 (msec) and 221.6 +/- 29.0 (msec) respectively. As for the mitral valve, Q-Mc and Q-Mo were found to be 45.0 +/- 18.9 (msec) and 301.6 +/- 20.7 (msec) respectively.

DOI： 10.1109/CIC.2008.4749228

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DOI： 10.1093/nass/nrm063

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Language：English   Publisher：2  

An exclusively milk formula diet stunted the growth of mice immediately following weaning. Milk-fed mice displayed a low-frequency profile of exploratory behavior, while pellet-fed mice showed high-frequency exploration. In contrast to exploratory behavior, feeding behavior did not differ significantly between milk- and pellet-fed mice. Despite showing low-frequency exploratory behavior, mice on an exclusively milk formula diet showed no difference in behavioral activities analyzed by an automatic hole-board apparatus compared to pellet-fed mice. These results suggest that the growth stunt caused by an exclusively milk formula diet retards the acquisition of active exploratory behavior without affecting the emotional state of mice.

DOI： 10.1016/j.lfs.2005.04.041

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本臓器保存生物医学会  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper, summary (international conference)   Publisher：SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

Permeability changes of an endothelial cell (EC) monolayer are related to many diseases. This study evaluated permeability of the EC monolayer under normoxia and hypoxia by using fluorescent dextrans of two different molecular weights in a microfluidic device with controllability of oxygen tension. As the results, permeability of the EC monolayer increased by hypoxic exposure, and the increase of the permeability measured by fluorescent dextran of 10 kDa was smaller than that measured by fluorescent dextran of 70 kDa. The results indicated that the size-selectivity of EC monolayer became weaken under hypoxia.

CiNii Books

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(株)医学書院  

現行の分娩監視装置では胎児アシドーシスに対しての検出率が低く,偽陽性となる可能性が高い.胎児心電図を用いた胎児心拍数モニタリングでは現行の分娩監視装置に比べてより多くの情報が得られる.胎児心電図装置ではshort term variabilityの計測が可能となり,これは胎児の脳障害に対する指標となりうる可能性がある.(著者抄録)

DOI： 10.11477/mf.1409208595

CiNii Books

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Other Link： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2016059831

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (trade magazine, newspaper, online media)  

DOI： 10.11477/mf.1409208595

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Language：English  

CiNii Books

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Other Link： https://projects.repo.nii.ac.jp/?action=repository_uri&item_id=456183

Language：English  

CiNii Books

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Other Link： https://projects.repo.nii.ac.jp/?action=repository_uri&item_id=456187

Language：English  

CiNii Books

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Other Link： https://projects.repo.nii.ac.jp/?action=repository_uri&item_id=456211

Language：English  

CiNii Books

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Other Link： https://projects.repo.nii.ac.jp/?action=repository_uri&item_id=456186

Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

CiNii Books

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本獣医学会  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper, summary (international conference)   Publisher：SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC  

Web of Science

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

CiNii Books

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Language：English  

CiNii Books

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Other Link： https://projects.repo.nii.ac.jp/?action=repository_uri&item_id=455478

Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本産科婦人科学会  

CiNii Books

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Other Link： https://projects.repo.nii.ac.jp/?action=repository_uri&item_id=452288

Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本産科婦人科学会  

CiNii Books

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Other Link： https://projects.repo.nii.ac.jp/?action=repository_uri&item_id=452705

Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本産科婦人科学会  

CiNii Books

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Other Link： https://projects.repo.nii.ac.jp/?action=repository_uri&item_id=452706

Language：English  

CiNii Books

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Other Link： https://projects.repo.nii.ac.jp/?action=repository_uri&item_id=453379

Language：Japanese   Publisher：(NPO)日本医工学治療学会  

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Language：English  

CiNii Books

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Other Link： https://projects.repo.nii.ac.jp/?action=repository_uri&item_id=451290

Authorship：Lead author   Publishing type：Research paper, summary (national, other academic conference)  

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Language：English  

Fetal electrocardiogram (fECG) and its vector form (fVECG) could provide significant clinical information concerning physiological conditions of a fetus. So far various independent component analysis (ICA)-based methods for extracting fECG from maternal abdominal signals have been proposed. Because full extraction of component waves such as P, Q, R, S, and T, is difficult to be realized under noisy and nonstationary situations, the fVECG is further hard to be reconstructed, where different projections of the fetal heart vector are required. In order to reconstruct fVECG, we proposed a novel method for synthesizing different projections of the heart vector, making good use of the fetus movement. This method consists of ICA, estimation of rotation angles of fetus, and synthesis of projections of the heart vector. Through applications to the synthetic and actual data, our method is shown to precisely estimate rotation angle of the fetus and to successfully reconstruct the fVECG.

DOI： 10.1109/EMBC.2013.6611253

PubMed

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本産科婦人科学会  

CiNii Books

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本産科婦人科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本産科婦人科学会  

CiNii Books

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Other Link： https://projects.repo.nii.ac.jp/?action=repository_uri&item_id=446172

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本産科婦人科学会  

CiNii Books

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper, summary (international conference)   Publisher：SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC  

Web of Science

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本産科婦人科学会  

CiNii Books

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Language：English   Publisher：MEDIMOND S R L  

A well-known hypothesis, DOHaD, proposes intrauterine environment, including maternal malnutrition, would lead lifestyle disease, including cardiovascular disease, in adulthood. However, its mechanism is still unknown. In this study, we assessed the involvement of HIF-1a, the main factor of pre-conditioning and adapts to hypoxia condition, to maternal malnutrition. A group was given adequate nutrition for gestation, while another group was given malnutrition. Microarray and immunohistochemical analysis showed HIF-1a and mTOR, upstream of HIF-1a, in fetal hearts collected on Day 17.5 of gestation in the malnutrition group was upregulated comparing to that in the adequate nutrition group. It might be established fetal pre-conditioning via maternal nutrition as in DOHaD.

Web of Science

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Language：English   Publisher：MEDIMOND S R L  

Web of Science

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Language：English   Publisher：MEDIMOND S R L  

Web of Science

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

Single-ICA can be very useful method to extract independent components from signal observed by single channel. But there is still a problem in the accuracy of separation and a lot to work on. We propose a simple single-ICA algorithm using blind source separation with references, and investigate the changes in the accuracy of separation and time gap between extracted signal and source signal, by altering the dimension and the lag time of the multi-dimensional embedded matrix. Then the result is that each extracted signal shows different change characteristics for the increase of dimension and lag time. Considering the property that causes these change characteristics, we are expecting these results to be helpful for optimal design of dimension and lag time.

CiNii Books

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(株)日本臨床社  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(株)東京医学社  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper, summary (international conference)   Publisher：SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC  

Web of Science

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper, summary (international conference)   Publisher：SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC  

Web of Science

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本産科婦人科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本産科婦人科学会  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper, summary (international conference)   Publisher：W B SAUNDERS CO LTD  

Web of Science

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)電子情報通信学会  

独立成分分析(ICA)は信号分離技術として、脳波、胎児心電図などの解析に広く用いられてきている。中でも参照系を用いた独立成分分析(Blind Source Separation with Reference signal:BSSR)は、ある特徴量を持った信号が含まれている場合、非常に有効である。これまで、この参照信号のタイミングに対するロバスト性が示唆されてきたが、その理由については明らかにされていない。本研究では、参照信号を構成するスパイク波の欠落、スパイク幅の増大、評価関数の次数に対するBSSRの分離結果について評価した。スパイク波数の欠落については単調に分離精度が低下した。スパイク幅の増加によって分離精度は低下したが、低下率は小さかった。評価関数の次数については、4次の評価関数が最適であることが確認された。以上により、参照信号の変容に対する分離結果のロバスト性の様子が明らかになった。これらの結果を基に、ロバスト性を制御する評価式を導出し、適切な参照信号の設計に役立てたい。(著者抄録)

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper, summary (international conference)   Publisher：ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD  

Web of Science

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本解剖学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(株)永井書店  

子宮破裂の頻度は減少しておらず、逆に、その要因はますます複雑になってきている。ハイリスク群としては、既往帝王切開後の分娩、既往子宮手術、事故、プロスタグランジン製剤などによる無謀な分娩誘発、感染、多胎、多産、肥満、児頭骨盤不適合、双角子宮などの子宮奇形などがある。現在のところ子宮破裂の予測は難しく、ハイリスク群の慎重な管理と厳重なインフォームドコンセントが重要と考えられる。(著者抄録)

CiNii Books

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Other Link： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2007161832

Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本産科婦人科学会  

CiNii Books

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Other Link： https://projects.repo.nii.ac.jp/?action=repository_uri&item_id=439393

Language：English   Publisher：IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC  

In contrast to the ultrasonic measurement of fetal heart motion, the fetal electrocardiogram (ECG) provides clinically significant information concerning the electrophysiological state of a fetus. In this paper, a novel method for extracting the fetal ECG from abdominal composite signals is proposed. This method consists of the cancellation of the mother's ECG and blind source separation with the reference signal (BSSR). The cancellation of the mother's ECG component was performed by subtracting the linear combination of mutually orthogonal projections of the heart vector. The BSSR is a fixed-point algorithm, the Lagrange function of which includes the higher order cross-correlation between the extracted signal and the reference signal as the cost term rather than a constraint. This realizes the convexity of the Lagrange function in a simple form, which guarantees the convergence of the algorithm. By practical application, the proposed method has been shown to be able to extract the P and T waves in addition to the R wave. The reliability and accuracy of the proposed method was confirmed-by comparing the extracted signals with the directly recorded ECG at the second stage of labor. The gestational age-dependency of the physiological parameters of the extracted fetal ECG also coincided well with that of the magnetocardiogram, which proves the clinical applicability of the proposed method.

DOI： 10.1109/TBME.2006.883791

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Language：English   Publisher：IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC  

In contrast to the ultrasonic measurement of fetal heart motion, the fetal electrocardiogram (ECG) provides clinically significant information concerning the electrophysiological state of a fetus. In this paper, a novel method for extracting the fetal ECG from abdominal composite signals is proposed. This method consists of the cancellation of the mother's ECG and blind source separation with the reference signal (BSSR). The cancellation of the mother's ECG component was performed by subtracting the linear combination of mutually orthogonal projections of the heart vector. The BSSR is a fixed-point algorithm, the Lagrange function of which includes the higher order cross-correlation between the extracted signal and the reference signal as the cost term rather than a constraint. This realizes the convexity of the Lagrange function in a simple form, which guarantees the convergence of the algorithm. By practical application, the proposed method has been shown to be able to extract the P and T waves in addition to the R wave. The reliability and accuracy of the proposed method was confirmed-by comparing the extracted signals with the directly recorded ECG at the second stage of labor. The gestational age-dependency of the physiological parameters of the extracted fetal ECG also coincided well with that of the magnetocardiogram, which proves the clinical applicability of the proposed method.

DOI： 10.1109/TBME.2006.883791

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Language：English   Publisher：AMER INST PHYSICS  

Blind source separation with reference signals (BSSR) is an excellent method to extract target independent components from linearly mixed observed signals when prior rough information about target signals is given. Usually the slight change of reference signal form does not affect the extraction ability of BSSR, but the extent of this robustness is not yet precisely known. We studied the main parameters of the robustness through examples of fetal electrocardiogram extraction.

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Language：English   Publisher：IEEE  

Fetal ECG and Doppler ultrasound signals provide clinically significant information concerning the physiological state of a fetus. In this study, we propose a non-invasive system to recognize the timings of fetal cardiac events on the basis of analysis of fetal ECG and Doppler ultrasound signal together. Fetal ECG was extracted from transabdominal ECG (10 normal subjects, 38-41 weeks of gestation) using blind source separation with the reference signal. Multiresolution wavelet analysis enabled the frequency contents of the Doppler signals to be linked to the opening and closing of the heart's valves (Aortic and mitral). The time intervals from R peak of fetal ECG to opening and closing of aortic valve were found to he 99.16 +/- 22.07 (msec) and 222.70 +/- 21.83 (msec) respectively. The time intervals from R peak to opening and closing of mitral valve were found to be 305.32 +/- 22.71 (msec) and 3 7.84 +/- 18.23 (msec) respectively.

DOI： 10.1109/CIC.2007.4745571

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Language：English   Publisher：IEEE  

Fetal ECG and Doppler ultrasound signals provide clinically significant information concerning the physiological state of a fetus. In this study, we propose a non-invasive system to recognize the timings of fetal cardiac events on the basis of analysis of fetal ECG and Doppler ultrasound signal together. Fetal ECG was extracted from transabdominal ECG (10 normal subjects, 38-41 weeks of gestation) using blind source separation with the reference signal. Multiresolution wavelet analysis enabled the frequency contents of the Doppler signals to be linked to the opening and closing of the heart's valves (Aortic and mitral). The time intervals from R peak of fetal ECG to opening and closing of aortic valve were found to he 99.16 +/- 22.07 (msec) and 222.70 +/- 21.83 (msec) respectively. The time intervals from R peak to opening and closing of mitral valve were found to be 305.32 +/- 22.71 (msec) and 3 7.84 +/- 18.23 (msec) respectively.

DOI： 10.1109/CIC.2007.4745571

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本産科婦人科学会  

CiNii Books

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(株)東京医学社  

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Language：English   Publisher：TAYLOR & FRANCIS AS  

A fetal electrocardiogram ( ECG) provides clinically significant information concerning the electrophysiological states of a fetus. Since the first attempt by Cremer in 1906, for about 100 years nobody has been able to non-invasively extract the fetal ECG popularly used in clinical situations. The low amplitude of the fetal signals and the high background noise and the non-linearity of the ECG signals mainly have been interfering with the noninvasive extraction of the fetal ECG. The aim of this paper is to introduce a new nonlinear filtering method to extract the fetal electrocardiogram detected from the mother's abdominal wall. This method consists of two steps: The rough extraction step performed by blind source separation (BSS) with references and the precise extraction step with fast non-linear state space projection (FNSSP) based on a nonlinear state space projection ( NSSP), which needs several complicated conditions or has limitations. So, it takes a lot of time to calculate. Our new method does not require such conditions, and it has about a thirty-fold speedup when compared with the previous method. Our new method has been successfully applied to on-line recordings with fetal components and will be useful for monitoring the fetal electrocardiogram in clinical applications.

DOI： 10.1080/13645700600845654

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Language：English   Publisher：TAYLOR & FRANCIS AS  

A fetal electrocardiogram ( ECG) provides clinically significant information concerning the electrophysiological states of a fetus. Since the first attempt by Cremer in 1906, for about 100 years nobody has been able to non-invasively extract the fetal ECG popularly used in clinical situations. The low amplitude of the fetal signals and the high background noise and the non-linearity of the ECG signals mainly have been interfering with the noninvasive extraction of the fetal ECG. The aim of this paper is to introduce a new nonlinear filtering method to extract the fetal electrocardiogram detected from the mother's abdominal wall. This method consists of two steps: The rough extraction step performed by blind source separation (BSS) with references and the precise extraction step with fast non-linear state space projection (FNSSP) based on a nonlinear state space projection ( NSSP), which needs several complicated conditions or has limitations. So, it takes a lot of time to calculate. Our new method does not require such conditions, and it has about a thirty-fold speedup when compared with the previous method. Our new method has been successfully applied to on-line recordings with fetal components and will be useful for monitoring the fetal electrocardiogram in clinical applications.

DOI： 10.1080/13645700600845654

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)電子情報通信学会  

胎児心電図は胎児心臓の電気活動を知る上で重要な役割を担うと考えられる.これの抽出にはブラインド信号分離(BSS)を適用した方法が主流となっている.しかし,抽出波形において,T波やP波の判別が難しいなど,この方法による抽出結果が心電図として十分な信頼性を有しているとはいえない.信号の非線形性(ゆがみ)がその要因と考えられる.この問題を解決するためにBSSのような線形変換に代わる新しい方法として高速非線形状態空間射影法(FNSSP)を開発したので,その適用結果について述べる(著者抄録)

CiNii Books

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Other Link： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2006069539

Language：English   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

The mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus (Me5), which receives input from oral proprioceptors and projects to higher brain regions, is involved in mastication-induced modulation of satiation. To investigate how the Me5 is involved in the control of feeding and exploratory behavior, we examined the effect of bilateral electrolytic lesions of the Me5 on feeding and exploratory behavior in mice. Mouse feeding and exploratory behaviors were analyzed using a food- search-compulsion-apparatus (FSCA), which was designed to distinguish between the two behaviors under standard living conditions. To assess anxiety in mice in an unfamiliar environment, exploratory activity was analyzed in an automated hole-board apparatus. Mice with bilateral Me5 lesions had unique feeding and exploratory behavior profiles in the FSCA compared with sham-operated mice. Me5-lesioned mice spent more time in the food chamber during each trial in the FSCA, but the number of entries into the food chamber was decreased by 40% compared to sham-operated mice. Moreover, Me5 lesions markedly inhibited exploratory behavior, manifested as low-frequency exploration. In spite of the low frequency exploration in the FSCA, Me5 lesions had no effect on various exploratory activities analyzed in the hole-board apparatus, i.e., total locomotor activity, frequency and duration of rearing and head-dipping, and latency to the first head-dipping. These results suggest that the Me5 is involved in the control of feeding and exploratory behavior through its ascending neuronal pathways in mice without modulating the emotional state. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.brainres.2005.04.038

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Language：English   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

The mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus (Me5), which receives input from oral proprioceptors and projects to higher brain regions, is involved in mastication-induced modulation of satiation. To investigate how the Me5 is involved in the control of feeding and exploratory behavior, we examined the effect of bilateral electrolytic lesions of the Me5 on feeding and exploratory behavior in mice. Mouse feeding and exploratory behaviors were analyzed using a food- search-compulsion-apparatus (FSCA), which was designed to distinguish between the two behaviors under standard living conditions. To assess anxiety in mice in an unfamiliar environment, exploratory activity was analyzed in an automated hole-board apparatus. Mice with bilateral Me5 lesions had unique feeding and exploratory behavior profiles in the FSCA compared with sham-operated mice. Me5-lesioned mice spent more time in the food chamber during each trial in the FSCA, but the number of entries into the food chamber was decreased by 40% compared to sham-operated mice. Moreover, Me5 lesions markedly inhibited exploratory behavior, manifested as low-frequency exploration. In spite of the low frequency exploration in the FSCA, Me5 lesions had no effect on various exploratory activities analyzed in the hole-board apparatus, i.e., total locomotor activity, frequency and duration of rearing and head-dipping, and latency to the first head-dipping. These results suggest that the Me5 is involved in the control of feeding and exploratory behavior through its ascending neuronal pathways in mice without modulating the emotional state. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.brainres.2005.04.038

Web of Science

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本獣医学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本獣医学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本獣医学会  

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Event date： 2013.12

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Event date： 2013.6

Presentation type：Poster presentation  

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Event date： 2013.6

Language：English   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

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Event date： 2013.6

Presentation type：Poster presentation  

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Event date： 2012.6

Presentation type：Poster presentation  

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Event date： 2011.9

Presentation type：Poster presentation  

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Event date： 2010.4

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

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Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Presentation type：Poster presentation  

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Presentation type：Poster presentation  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Presentation type：Poster presentation  

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Presentation type：Poster presentation  

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Application no：特願特願2011-531797  Date applied：2010.9

Patent/Registration no：特許特許5769309  Date registered：2015.8 

特許第5769309号

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Applicant：国立大学法人東北大学

Application no：特願2011-531797  Date applied：2010.9

Patent/Registration no：特許第5769309号  Date issued：2015.7

J-GLOBAL

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Applicant：国立大学法人東北大学

Application no：特願2009-176683  Date applied：2009.7

Announcement no：特開2011-030430  Date announced：2011.2

J-GLOBAL

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Applicant：株式会社 東北テクノアーチ

Application no：JP2008050756  Date applied：2008.1

Announcement no：WO2008-090862  Date announced：2008.7

J-GLOBAL

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Application no：特願PCT/JP2008/05076  Date applied：2008.1

Announcement no：特開WO 2008/090862 A1  Date announced：2008.7

Patent/Registration no：特許US 8,340,748 B2  Date registered：2012.12 

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Applicant：国立大学法人東北大学

Application no：特願2006-314709  Date applied：2006.11

Announcement no：特開2008-125452  Date announced：2008.6

J-GLOBAL

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Application no：特願PCT/JP2006/316386  Date applied：2006.8

Announcement no：特開WO 2007/029485 A1  Date announced：2007.3

Patent/Registration no：特許US8,116,857B2  Date registered：2012.2 

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Applicant：国立大学法人東北大学

Application no：特願2007-534311  Date applied：2006.8

Patent/Registration no：特許第4792584号  Date issued：2011.8

J-GLOBAL

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Applicant：Tohoku University NUC, Tohoku Techno Arch Co Ltd

Application no：特願JP2005256300  Date applied：2005.9

Patent/Registration no：EP1935335B1  Date registered：2019.5 

US8,116,857B2

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Application no：特願PCT/JP2005/023601  Date applied：2005.5

Announcement no：特開WO2006/080167  Date announced：2006.8

Patent/Registration no：特許US 8,175,692 B2  Date registered：2012.5  Date issued：2012.5

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Applicant：国立大学法人東北大学

Application no：特願2005-023982  Date applied：2005.1

Announcement no：特開2006-204759  Date announced：2006.8

Patent/Registration no：特許第4590554号  Date issued：2010.9

J-GLOBAL

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Application no：特願JP2005023982A  Date applied：2005.1

Announcement no：特開AU2005326223A1  Date announced：2006.8

国立大学法人 東北大学

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